ابحاث ومشاريع التخرج بكالوريس
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Item UNUSED AND EXPIRED MEDICATION DISPOSAL PRACTICES AMONG THE GENERAL PUBLIC IN (SEBHA)(جامعة سبها, 2020) عريف, خديجة الطاهر; إبراهيم, ايناس عبدالقاسمEvidence shows the improper disposal of unused or expired medications has a significant threat to environmental safety in worldwide. The objective of study to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice household population about disposal of unused and expired medication. Methodology: The study was conducted in west southern Libya (Sebha city), during October to April 2021 to April in 2022. Various literature sources were reviewed to develop A self-administered questionnaire with some modification. Result: Out of 650 self-administered only 500 completed questionnaires was returned. Regarding keeping expired drugs (141,28.2%) admitted they kept expired medicines at home compared with those (359, 71.8%) who denied that. The majority of respondents (358, 71,6%) admitted they have at least one medication stored at home. The present study, nearly one-quarter of participants (141,28.2%) admitted they kept expired medicines and over one-half participants also reported they having unused medications 256(51.2%) in their house. Nearly half of respondents (237, 47.4%) reported their unused or expired medicines were taking from the private pharmacies The most common reason cited in this study for possessing the unused medicines at home was " I am need it in the future” which were represented by (244, 48.8%). Following reasons ware "medicines change" and “Symptoms improvement and recovery” which reported by (186,37.2%) and (163,32.6%)of participants respectively. Antibiotics was The largest class of drugs (205, 41.0%) and then followed by antipyretic and analgesic medications which were accounted for (149,29.8%) and (139,27.8%) of respondents respectively. Over the half of participants (261, 52.2%) agreed that disposing of medicines in the garbage is the most appropriate method and in the same time majority of them discarded unused or expired medicines through the garbage regardless dosage form were solid (413,82.6%), liquid(292,58.4%), or semisolid(398,79.6%) while the discarding in bathroom of these three dosage forms represented by (48, 9.6%), (114,22.8%), (61, 12.2%) respectively. Over three quarters of participants (403,80.6%) indicated they were aware of the negative impact of drug waste on the environment and (343,68.6%) of participants denied they have knowledge about how to dispose of drugs. The V majority of the participants (385,77.0%) denied they receive any information on how to dispose of the medication and nearly two thirds of participants (304,60.8%) suggested that medical team is appropriate tool to give awareness for disposing medication Conclusion: the majority of the participants kept the unused medications in their homes and they admitted disposing of them in the garbage although the majority of them declared they were aware of its negative impact on the environment. the government should increase awareness and develop cost-effective medication waste management programs through upholding the pharmacists' role which is able to educate the consumers about properly disposing of their medications and establishing the Return Unwanted Medicines (RUM) Project through community pharmacy servicesItem PATIENT AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONS TOWARD COMMUNITY PHARMACY SERVERIES IN SEBHA CITY(جامعة سبها, 2019) حسين, اسمهان عمر; رجب, ملك عمرObjective: To examine extent of public’ use of community pharmacy in in the southern Libya “Sebha” and to determine the public’s views and their satisfactions toward community pharmacy services currently provided in Libya. Methodology: This study a descriptive, cross-sectional survey and a self-administered questionnaire was developed. The questionnaire was divided into four sections that measured the frequency use of community pharmacy, reason of visiting and education given to the customers, preference visit particular pharmacy and their priority to choose healthcare center. In addition. evaluate the community pharmacy staff communication and their providing of drug information as well as customers’ expectations and satisfactions toward community pharmacy services. Result: Of all 600 questionnaires were handed, only (462, 77%) were returned. The majority of respondents (436, 94%) were in the young and middle age and (241, 52.2%) were university graduates. The majority of respondents (343, 74.3%) reported they had visited the community pharmacies at least “once” in a month. The highest reason of visiting reported by respondents was dispensing their prescription medications (304, 65%) while purchasing “medication without prescriptions” was accounted with (162, 35%). Other reasons as purchasing women items, baby products, getting health information, cosmetics and medical supplements were reported by (97,21%) and (93, 20%), (74, 16%), (71, 15.3%) and (70, 15.1%) of the respondents respectively. The highest rate of respondents was given advice about antibiotic use (224, 48.5%) followed by physical exercises (178, 38.5%) and healthy eating (173, 37.4%). The majority of respondents (358, 77.4%) preferred to visit community pharmacy over other health care center because minor health problems. The major factors influence the consumers choose any particular pharmacy were the professionalism of pharmacy staff (254, 55.4%) and the availability of products (221, 47.8). Other factors as availability of the pharmacist to answer queries (122, 26.4), location (82, 17.7%), Quick services (80,17.3%), confidential customer processing (78, 16.8%), whilst the lowest percentage was pharmacy appearance and decoration (46, 9.9%). The primary health center chosen when they faced drug related problem was the community pharmacy (248, 53.6%) compared with private clinic (124, 26.8%) and public clinic (90, 19.5%). Attitude regarding communication skills as the politeness, giving privacy, staff IV listens attentively and time the community pharmacy staff spends with them were reported by (347, 75.1%), (289, 62.5%), (265, 57.4%) and (219, 49.6%) of respondents respectively. On the other hand, for provision of drug information as “how to work the drug when the first-time use”, “customer experience of side effects” and “their ability to using the prescribed medicine properly during their consultations” were reported by (215, 46.5%), (149, 32.2%) and (146, 31.6%) respectively. In contrast, (302, 65.3%)of respondents denied that community pharmacy staff were asking for if the customer have further questions as well as (285, 61.7%) of respondents denied that the staff were providing the medication storage information. More than half of the respondents in each (250, 54.1%) and (273, 58.7%) agreed that services of community pharmacies tend to concern about making money and others believed that services of were more concern toward the business matter than patient health. However, (191,41.3%) of respondents believed that services are balanced in both sides whereas minority of respondents (192, 41.6%) believed that the services more concerned with the heath of patient than business side. More positive attitude, (51.2%) of respondents agreed that services concerned about drugs and public healthcare. Interestingly, almost all of respondents (366, 85.7%) acknowledged the role of community pharmacy as indispensable health care setting. The majority of respondent were satisfied with general service of community pharmacy and experience of pharmacy staff which they reported by (244, 52.9%) and (249, 53.8%) respectively. However, the availability of product and cost of pharmacy products satisfied by only (195, 42.2%) and (81, 17.5%) of respondents respectively compared with (70, 15.2%) and (253, 54.7%) of respondents were dissatisfied correspondingly. Conclusion: The study revealed that the majority of Libyan people are regular use of community pharmacies. Although there were various topics of the advices had been given in community pharmacies, they were not a routine performance by community pharmacy staff. Generally, the public has positive attitude toward the quality of communications as, politeness, Privacy and respect, listens to the them attentively and time spent during encounters and they acknowledge the role of community pharmacy in the health care system, However they have negative attitude toward quality of scientific counselling and cost of products.Item DRUG-RELATED PROBLEM AMOMG ELDERLY INPATIENTS AT SABHA MEDICAL CENTER(جامعة سبها, 2019) محمد, إسراء صالح; عبدالسلام, سعاد أحمدBackground: Elderly patients are prone to drug-related problems due to age-related changes in physiology, comorbidities, and polypharmacy as well as the complexity of their medication regimens. Objective: The study aimed to examine the demographic and medical characteristics of elderly inpatients and identifying patterns of drug prescribing and Drug-related problems. Methodology: This study was a descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study designed to review patient records and identifying drug-related problems of elderly patients who admitted to SMC during years 2019. Drug-related problems were identified and classified according to Hepler and Strand classification (1990). Results: From examined 1000 patients records approximately 20% (n=195) of these patients had enough documented information and were selected for this study. Both gender's male and female were approximately similar which accounted with (102, 52%), and (93, 47.6%) respectively. The majority of the patient was less than 85 years which accounted for (151, 77%) and the period of staying in the hospital was at least 3 days which account with (73%) of the patients. Out of 195 participants of the study, nearly two-thirds (65%) have at least 3comorbidites. Electrolyte imbalance was the highest prevalence rate which was represented by (142, 72%). Hypertension and diabetes were reported by (116, 59%), (73, 37%) respectively while the combined of this disease was less prevalent (47,24%). Other comorbidities were reported as anemia (48.7%), infection (73, 37%), and heart diseases (68,34%). However, the lowest rate was reported for CVA which accounted for (32%) of patients. Almost all patients have polypharmacy (96%) and most of these patients have been given antibiotics (92%). The majority of patients have been prescribed anti gastric agents, vitamins, and anti-thrombotic agents which accounted for (75%), (62%) and (55%) respectively. To less extent, antihypertensive agents, analgesics, antihyperlipidemic were reported by (45%), 43%), and (38%) correspondently. IX Almost all patients have at least one event of DRPs and more than three-quarters of patients in our analysis had more than one event of DRP according to Hepler and Strand classification. The highest rate was untreated indications which were reported for (151, 77%) then followed by drug use without indication nearly a half of events (93, 48%). To fewer extent rates were reported: “in improper drug selection”, “drug interaction” and “adverse effects” which they were reported for (49, 25%),(44, 23%) and (36, 18%) of the total events respectively. Minority events were represented among overdosage (19,10%) and subtherapeutic dosage (15, 8%). Conclusion: The study reveals that comorbidities, polypharmacy, and drug-related problems are common. SMC should implement strategies to decrease the high prevalence of DRPs among their elderly patients. Those problems could be reduced by clinical pharmacist intervention whose plays a major role in providing healthcare to the elderly. The study highlights the importance that clinical pharmacists should be enabled to engage in hospital medical teams for the treatment of geriatric inpatients to optimize pharmacotherapy since the older adults have multiple chronic diseases and often use polypharmacy.