بحوث طلبة التخرج

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    The affect of welding on corrosion rate of low carbon steel
    (Sebha University, 2016) Afaf Salah Al Zway, Bahri Mohammed Bahri, Ahmad Al Mahdi Belhaj Eatidal Al Arabi Salh
    The aim of this work is to study The effected of welding on corrosion rate of low carbon steel in Sabha water. Some of the specimens welded by V joint and the other left without welding. The tests carried out on all the specimens are corrosion test. The corrosion media used in this study was Sabha water. The anti-corrosion paint that was used is undiluted al waha paint (from local market), according to the paint results, it was found that the drying time for Al waha paint should be more than 24 hours when used without dilution. According to the visual observations, it was seen that the color of the all exposed areas to the environment was changed to the dark red orange color. Also from the obtained results, it was found that the average corrosion rates for the unpainted heat affected zone areas (HAZ) are less than that for unpainted welded metal areas (fusion region) and unpainted base metal areas for welded specimens, this is because the structure of the HAZ is changed to the carbide (cementite) which is hard and tend to be has more corrosion resistance than the others. Morever, The average corrosion rate for non-welded specimen is less than that for unpainted base metal for welded specimens. Pitting corrosion and Galvanic corrosion were seen on the painted specimens, while, the type of corrosion of the nonwelded specimens was uniform corrosion.
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    Comparative Study on Different Sand/Binder Mixtures for Suitability in Metal Casting Operations
    (Sebha University, 2017) Morouj Omar Rajab, Houssien Mannaa Masoud, Ahmed Mohammed Asaleh Salem
    Sand casting refers to an object produced using the sand casting process. Sand castings are produced in specialized factories called foundries. It is known that over 70% of all metal castings are produced via sand casting process. Molds that are made of sand are relatively cheap, and sufficiently refractory for high temperature use. In addition to the sand, a suitable binder is mixed with the sand. The mixture is moistened, typically with water, but sometimes with other substances, to develop the strength and plasticity of the clay and to make the aggregate suitable for molding . This research offers a comparative study on the usability and suitability of different local sands and binders for metal casting operations. The aim was to examine three different properties that are necessary for sand casting. Four different types of sands and three binders were combined successfully in different design mixtures. The sands under study were Red sand (Ashkeda), white well sand, red well sand and silica sand (Zallaf). The binders used in the new mixtures were sugar solution, dates extract and local clay . To achieve the research aim, certain properties concerning sand casting were investigated which are; the mixture strength, thermal collapse temperature and sand texture analysis so that all results can be linked together to support the findings . The overall conclusion is that each type of our local sand require certain binder to give the best combination of properties required for metal casting operations. The best recommendation for sand/binder mixture for casting is (silica + clay) since this type tolerates a temperature of about 1100 ºc and compression strength of 700 N. The reason for this is that silica contain quartz element that has high melting point of about 1670 cº. The new second best mixtures was the sample with mixture of (the white well sand + dates extract). This type of sand/binder mixture can endure a temperature as high as 870 cº, and has a strength of 800 N. The third best choice for metal casting operation will be (Ashkida + dates extract). This type can withstand about 870 ºc and has failure strength of 750 N.
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    Improving the Properties of Sea Water to be used as Water Based Mud with the Addition of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose
    (Sebha University, 2017) Abdulhakim Ahmed Salem, ,Faraj Barka Gizo, Moaid-Alislam Mohammed Massoud
    Water-Based mud (WBM) and Oil-Based mud (OBM) are the most common drilling fluids currently used and both have several characteristics that qualify them for High pressure & temperature purposes. They are usually formulated to meet certain properties to enable them to carry out the basic intended functions. The most prevalent problem affecting the drilling fluids is the cost of additions that mixed with the mud to achieve several goals and to prevent pipe sticking and fluid losses. The objective of this research is to figure out the ability of using the sea water to formulate water base mud by adding varies amounts of the carboxy methyl cellulose with comparison with fresh water .
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    Energy storage of lead acid battery
    (Sebha University, 2017) Kawther A.a bdalrahim, Warda M. abdalrahman
    Batteries are storage energy everywhere, and they play a large role in making our modern life possible. Every day, new battery chemistries and designs are announced that offer very high energy densities, deliver high charge/discharge cycles. The lifespan of the battery depends on the quality of the battery manufacturer, and the materials first. But no matter how good the battery, the lifespan is ultimately up to the user, and how you use it. The Battery Energy Storage System is a key building block in the development of any smart grid system that incorporates photovoltaic power and/or wind power. In keeping with this battery proven track record of innovative technology, superior quality, and unmatched reliability. In this research we will study the benefit of the batteries and battery storage system in our life. This work will include types of batteries, construction and the design. After the design we will study the characteristics of the battery (charge/discharge, life).The lead acid battery is the one we chose in our research. These batteries are widely used in many applications.
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    Reservoir stimulation using matrix acidizing for carbonate formation in vertical oil well at X field in Libya.
    (Sebha University, 2017) Fathia Youssef Baraka, Fatima Abdullah Mousa , bannot Hassan Hamdo
    Formation damage is resulted from precipitation of salt materials due the chemical reaction in the well bore between either the Workover fluid or the formation fluid itself. This reaction causes a great reduction in the formation permeability in the vicinity of the well bore. This damage if not removed will cause a reduction in the oil productivity of the well and hence reduce the overall recovery from the well. Acidizing is one of methods used for removing this damage if the formed scale material is soluble in acid . If the scale is not soluble in acid, a conversion process will be made to convert the precipitant to another form of acid soluble compound or the removal of the scale is made by conducting a micro fracturing treatment to the formation in the vicinity of the damaged zone. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum acid injection rate needed to effectively remove formation damage from artificially damaged carbonate using 7% hydrochloric (HCl) solution concentrations. The significant improvement in the well production. Which is located in one of the fields of Libya and treated the well with acid according to the results of the survey of the registry increased the new productivity index.These results indicate that successful stimulation can be achieved at moderate injection rates when its compared between the two wells.Noted that there was a significant improvement and increase in production and cover the period Guaranteed full time guaranteed.
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    production of Acetone from iso- propanol
    (Sebha University, 2017) Abdullah M. Abdullah , Mohamed E. Mohamed , Mohamed F. Alghanai Mohamed A. Ali
    The aim of the project is to designed a chemical process to produce Acetone from Iso-propyl-alcohol (IPA) with a conversion of 90% and a capacity of 33,000 metric tons per year at the given conditions. comprehensive material and energy balance together with detailed design calculations for a reactor were carried out. Physical and chemical properties, manufacturing processes of Acetone, and instrumentation flow sheet were also included.
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    Investigating Local Alternative Materials by Using Commercial Water Loss Additives
    (Sebha University, 2018)
    The control of filtration during drilling operation is necessary so that the mud filtrate invasion to formations near the well bore is minimized. The filtration process of drilling fluids is controlled by adding water loss additives such as CMC or Starch polymers to the mud depending on the type of the mud. The cost of CMC or Starch material makes the necessity to search for locally alternative material to be used instead of these commercial water loss additives. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using Corchorus Olitorius, and other materials which is locally produced in variable Libya, as an alternative water loss additive for controlling the filtration process of water base muds. An experimental investigation was conducted in the laboratory to study the possibility of using this new material by adding different weights of materials to water base mud and comparing the mud filtration results with adding the same quantities of CMC to the same water base mud.d The concentrations of CMC as well as the Corchorus Olitorius and other material added to the original mud in are 2 g/L, 3 g/L and 5 g/L. the effect of each concentration on the filtration performance of the mud was investigated at different temperature used which are 70, 100 and 150 F. The experimental results indicated that the increased temperature has attributed to degradation of CMC molecules by the effect of heat added to the mud which is generated at high temperatures. It is recommended that in order to overcome the problem of the deficiency of CMC at elevated temperatures, highest quantities of CMC concentrations should be added to the mud. It was observed that the Corchorus Olitorius and other material gave lower API filtration volume compared those with original mud without additives but the API water loss volume of the Corchorus Olitorius and other material additives was higher than the re sales obtained with CMC additives.
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    Improving The Fluid Loss Property of Sea Water to Be Used as Water Based Mud With Addition of Permaloss
    (Sebha University, 2018) Abdulsalam musbah Abdulsalam, Osama mohammed almaridh , Ali hamed mohammed
    Moreover, the viscosity , filtration & thickness of Mud cake reading in sea water base mud were better after adding different amounts of Permaloss and it becomes much better after adding 5 grams of the mention additive as it will decrease down in case of using 7 grams of it . Water base mud is one of the most common drilling fluids that are currently in use widespread on oil rigs based on platforms across the oceans and that refer to its characteristics in terms of high pressure and high temperature wells. They were configure to meet certain specifications under inexpensive economic conditions as these costs are usually comes from additives, methods of purification for some materials and transportation for these materials to platforms across the oceans. The objective of this thesis was to form a water base mud to be used on drilling rigs based on offshore platforms by using sea water after improving its fluid loss property with addition of (Permaloss). Good results were obtained from this thesis shows the possibility of using sea water as watery base mud . However, the Density & PH parameter reading in sea water base mud were much better and effectible with comparison of fresh water mud especially after adding the same amount of bentonite.
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    Laboratory study of the phase microemoulsion system between oil and surfactant
    (Sebha University, 2018) Ahmed Abdullha Yousif, Mahmoud Abddullha Yousif,
    During the past five decades since the discovery of microemulsions by Jack H. Shulman, there have been huge progresses made in applying microemulsion systems in a plethora of research and industrial processes. While it is beyond the scope of this research to give a complete review of all significant developments and applications. The research presented in this work was conducted to identify and compare the best salinity gradient design in Gubaraeun Water Flooding (GWF) application for chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) under low formation water salinity. All the experiments have contributed to the ongoing chemical EOR research at Sebha University.
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    Petrophysical Evaluation of the Beda Formation Using Well Logging Analysis (Concession-72-Western Sirt Basin, Libya)
    (Sebha University, 2018) Adam Abdulaziz Abdulrehem, Emhemmad Ali Bakary , Hamed Hassan Taher
    One key for meeting future energy requirements is to produce field more efficiently. To achieve this, information must first be properly interpreted and studied in order to carry out reasonable estimates of hydrocarbons in place. The study of the use of petrophysics to analyze wireline log and core data is a good way to evaluate any tank in terms of rock properties and fluid distribution. The study mainly identified reservoir properties such as lithology, shale volume, porosity (Ø), permeability (K), fluid saturation and net pay thickness, The petrophysical analysis of three exploratory wells in the Barrut I field in concession 72 (F4-NC-72, F5-NC-72 and F6-NC-72). The results reveled Beda reservoir content average porosity in wells (negligible 4.4% in well F-5, good 12% in well F-4 and poor 7.2% in well F-6), fair permeability average in wells (0.0086MD in well F-5, 1.21MD in well F-4 and 0.13MD in well F-6), average water saturation in wells reached F4 and F6 to 50%, and increasing toward north in F5 reached 65% which located at the edge of oil water contact, volume of shale reached 32% and net pay thickness of the lower Beda reached 111 feet. The heterogeneities is big impact in carbonate reservoir quality, although this study used only three wells with short distances between the wells but clear lateral variation encountered as in well F4 and F5, heterogeneities can enhance physical properties such as permeability as it was in F5 and F4 (0.0086 and 1.12 md) and the porosity from 4.4 to 12%.
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    Measure the Ability of Surfactant to Inject With Sea Water and form the Emulsion
    (Sebha University, 2018) KHIER, NEAMA BASHIR
    There are many known EOR methods and every method has its criteria to use it. One of those methods is the chemical EOR. Chemical EOR has been widely used to global enhanced oil recovery. Chemical EOR can be classified into many main types such as surfactant, polymer and alkaline etc. In this project Surfactant EOR ( Cetyl Tri Methyl Ammonium Bromide soap) has been mixed with sea water and inject to crude oil that has been taken from Hamada field. Surfactant EOR was examine to test it is ability to form emulsion at different concentration and different temperature start from room temperature until 70 C0. The results showed the ability of Surfactant EOR ( Cetyl Tri Methyl Ammonium Bromide soap) to form emulsion. The screening criteria of surfactant concentration to form the emulsion was between the range 5% to 15 %. The best scenario has gave highest emulsion level was at 70 C0 and the surfactant concentration was at 7%.
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    Purification of Butene in Production of Polyethylene
    (Sebha University, 2018) Ageela Mohammed Emhemmed, Ali Abdalhafid yousef ,Azgeir Mohammed Azgeir
    Butene is an organic material derived from the modifying of natural gas or from the cracking of crude oil into other components like naphtha. Under the changes in conditions of temperature, pressure and catalysis in the polyethylene process, the presence of this material may play an importance role in polyethylene final product. In this work the purification of butene material and its application via the chemical reaction with other additives has been discussed in producing polyethylene. Clear information has been given related to the purification of butene to use in the polyethylene process. In addition, some calculations on the material and energy balances were evaluated in this work. The process control on the polymerization unit has been presented to understand the instruments to monitor the key process variables during plant operation
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    Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by using Carbimazole/Zn+2 system in NaCl medium
    (Sebha University, 2018) Alfitury salh alfitury, Ali Jumaa Ali Almabrouk,Seraj Mohammed Omar Burkan
    Corrosion is defined as the degradation of metallic materials under the effect of the environment. This is a surface reaction that propagates in progressive ways affecting the integrity of the material. Under the aggressive environment, corrosion leads to the formation of corrosion products, and to a progressive generalized or localized loss of matter. The use of inhibitor material is considered as a one way to protect the metal surface against corrosion. The inhibitor is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the metal and forms a protective thin film with inhibitor effect or by combination between inhibitor ions and metallic surface. Or, the inhibitor leads a formation of a film by oxide protection of the base metal. The current work was evaluated the corrosion inhabitation of carbon steel in NaCl solution by carbimazole\Zn system. the ability of carbimazole as a good corrosion inhibitor is enhanced slightly in presence of Zn+2 when the concentration of carbimazole increased and this may be attributed to the protective film formed on the metal surface was withstand the continuous attack of corrosive ions. Also, the formation of complex Fe-carbimazole/Zn+2 linkages on the anodic sites of the metal surface during the immersion time may play a role in the improvement in adsorption of inhibiter system via coverage more area of the metal surface which reduced the exposure of anode sites to the corrosive media. By using Langmuir isotherm model to identify the inhibitor mechanism performance, the values of linear correlation coefficient were found close to unity (1) suggested that the adsorption of the studied inhibitors follows Langmuir isotherm model. Generally, values of ∆𝐺°ads up to -9.7 KJ/mol are attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the inhibitor molecules and the metal surface (physical adsorption), whilst those at -10.6 KJ/mol or a little more negative are consistent with chemical bonding of the inhibitor to the sample (Chemisorptions).
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    Separation Of Crude Oil and Its Derivatives Spilled in seawater By Using Spinal Oxide (Environmental Aspects)
    (Sebha University, 2018) Zanies M. Saleh Shlomy, Musa M. AL Sharif Abo-adbba, Mohammed Ahmed Salem
    The purpose of this project is to provide an overview of how oil spills can impact marine ecological resources and functions, and how those resources can and functions recover by knowing the methods of treatment and removal of oil spilled in seawater , Also, the study describe the impacts of oil spills on marine life and associated wildlife, describes some of the more common impacts of oil spills on life forms associated with different ecosystems, and includes references to relevant case studies. This project includes a section, entitled "Definition of oil and its main components", and describes the properties of mineral oil and their main components, with the structure of chemical compounds in crude oil, The section entitled “Nanoparticles Use Strategy" and potential impact considers current good practice in spill response and how it is designed to minimize environmental damage (i.e. maximize the net environmental benefit of response techniques), Finally, the section entitled “Strategy for the use of nanoparticles iron oxide " examines the potential impact of the nanoparticle in current good practice in spill response and how it is designed to reduce environmental damage. Three samples of sea water were used from different Libyan regions (Gemens Seawater, Abo Sitta Port, Elbrega Anchorage), and Two samples of crude oil were used from different Libyan fields (Light, Medium). In this study, spinel oxide from cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with formula CoFe2O4 (CFO) was prepared by sol-gel method. Then obtain spinel oxide (CFO) after burning the ash components used to prepare it in air at a 600oC for two hours. Functional groups were also identified on the surface of the oxide using the infrared spectrum (FTIR). In addition, crude oil and its derivatives were diagnosed using FTIR, and the density and viscosity of crude oil and its derivatives at 15oC temperature. The possibility of using Spinal Oxide (CFO) as a absorbent material to remove crude oil and its derivatives from aqueous solutions was also studied, and used three consentration (0.01gm, 0.03gm, 0.05gm).
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    Enhanced Oil Recovery By Using Nanoparticles
    (Sebha University, 2018) Abdelkareem Saleh Ali Eschweido, Moataz Abdullah Bashir Yusef Hamed Abdulqadir Al. mahdi Burkan
    There are three types of oil production energy operations, primary recovery, secondary recovery and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). EOR consider as the last stage for production operations. Where the EOR classify into many types such as gas injection, thermal injection, microbial EOR and chemical flooding. There are many types of chemical flooding such as polymer, surfactant, alkaline and nanoparticles EOR such as Iron Oxide (Fe2O3), Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) and Magnesium Oxide (MgO) etc. In this study used Nanoparticles EOR Aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Nanoparticles EOR Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) used a spontaneous imbibition test for sandstone core samples after saturated of crude oil. A spontaneous imbibition test consisting of two scenarios of nanoparticle solution (Al2O3) with change temperature and compared with one scenario of distilled water. The spontaneous imbibition test was performed in this study at room temperature to oven temperature (30Co, 40Co, 50Co, 60Co, 70Co). The results shown that the process of improving the oil increases with the increase of the concentration of nanoparticle (Al2O3) and increase the temperature where the rate of oil recovery mixture with nanoparticles (Al2O3) at the concentration of 1% of nanotechnology is 76.04%.