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Item STUDY THE EFFECT OF MICROBIAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY (MEOR)(جامعة سبها, 2020) صالح, إمباركة; عبدالله, زينبThere are many known Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR methods and every method has its criteria to use it. One of those methods is the microbial EOR. It has been the contributor to global enhanced oil recovery. MEOR has shown its potential as a tertiary oil recovery method. the microorganisms require only cheaper substrates to perform MEOR, so from an economical point of view. The main objective in this research to isolate the bacteria from the crude oil in X field in sirt company and study it is effect on both EOR and surface facility to protect it from corrosion. The MEOR test has been done at different concentration and different temperatures (anaerobic and used temperature 30°C, 40°C, 55°C,70°C). The bacteria have shown not effective method to use it as EOR method while it has given a good result to use it as agent to protect the surface facility from the corrosion.Item Determine the effect of PVT parameters on the production of gas wells by using PROSPER software(sebha university, 2020-03-01) saleh, Ahmed; alkelani, Musab; Ofnayt, SalehProduction of oil and gas comes after several operations of drilling and completion such as (perforation, acidizing and swabbing ..etc). Thus protecting reservoir properties considered the most to produce hydrocarbon with less cost and long life . The production operations has several methods (natural and artificial). When natural production getting lower ,artificial lift takes place. Thereafter, Changing any reservoir parameters could effect the production quantity. This study focused on changing of temperature parameter, pressure, salinity and gas gravity on gas production by using PROSPER software. The study results shows increasing of temperature reduces the quantity of production, while increase of pressure increase the production of gas, also increase of gas gravity reduce the gas production, whereas the salinity has no effect on the gas production.Item INVESTIGATION THE PHYSICAL AND STRENGTH CHARACTRIZATIONS OF LOCAL WHEAT HUSK ASH CONCRETE(Sebha University, 2020-02-20) EMBAYA, MOHAMMED; AHMED, ABDULLAH; SALEH, ABDULLAHThe objective of the study is to investigate the mechanical properties of high strength concrete with different replacement levels of ordinary Portland cement by Wheat Husk Ash. The standard cubes (30mm x 30mm x 30mm) were caste. The compressive strength at 28 days has been obtained. The results of the mechanical properties of the wheat husk ash at 28 days have shown quite encouraging and interesting results at both wheat husk ash replacement 15% and 20% in the grade of the concrete, with compressive strength enhancement about 16% and 11% respectively. Moreover, some other characterizations have been considered including, chemically combined water (CCW), bulk density and apparent porosity. The results of CCW showed that at 28 days of hydration the increase in the chemically combined water content becomes less significance since the hydration process was al mostly completed after 14 days of hydration. The bulk density decreases as the ash content increases due to the relatively lower densities of the ash compared with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The apparent porosity behaves oppositely i.e., it increases as the ash content increased.Item EVALUATION AND DRIVING MECHANISM ANALYSIS ON SATURATED OIL RESERVOIRS BY USING PETROLEUM EXPERTS SOFTWARE (MBAL)(جامعة سبها, 2020-02-08) Ashpop, Abdul WahidThe field was selected to be the subject of a reservoir study in this project field is one of the fields located in the sirt basin and owned by the Arabic gulf company of Libya The main aim of my work is to determine the quantity of oil in place using (MBAL)software and evaluate the drive mechanism for this reservoir . the study includes maps . figures, tables ,and a report outlining the results. The results have shown that software petroleum experts (MPAL) the reservoir engineering interpret and predict the well production and efficiency of the reservoir, and know the measures used to improve the increase rate of production. In this report, we explain how the engineer conducts reservoir behavior and his ability to predict future production with the type of reservoir and its mechanism by using software petroleum expert (MBAL) .Item PVT Model for Libya Fields Using PVTi Software(sebha university, 2020-02-08) Gehiny, HassanKnowledge of The Pressure Volume Temperature (PVT) parameters is a requirement for all types of petroleum calculations such as determination of hydrocarbon flowing properties, predicting future performance, designing production facilities and planning methods of enhanced oil recovery etc…. Ideally the PVT properties of hydrocarbon are obtained from laboratory analysis and correlation using either bottom-hole samples or recombined surface samples. However, laboratory data are not always available due to economical and/or technical reasons. In this case empirical techniques are used to estimate the properties. In this study PVT models for Libya fields was performed using equation of state by defining the fluid component and experimental data that collected from Libya fields from two PVT reports into PVTisoftware. In Farrud Field (Ghani Field) the Tuning and regression process was performed on PVT model by splitting C7+ into two fractions with different frac percent. The percentage for first frac was 65% and the other was equal 35%. Also, first contact miscibility experiment was performed in order to determine minimum miscibility pressure “MMP” for different injection gases. The MMP result from PVT model when inject different gases “CO2,N2, C1 and H.C mixture” was equal was equal 2576, 14690, 8789 and 4113 Psi respectively. And in A Field (NC-186A) the Tuning and regression process was performed on PVT model by splitting C7+ into two fractions with different frac percent. The bubble point pressures of BHS in A-03 (West) are very close (794.7 psig) and after tuning using the software was (794.77 psig) , The Error (RMS) values the difference between the observed and calculated values is divided by the observed value), in this case it is below 2%.Item Maintain Well Bore Stability By Using Alternative Material (Coal Fly Ash + Permaloss)(جامعة سبها, 2020-02-08) Ali, Assel; Mohammed, Abdullah; Ali, MariemUsually, the drilling engineer faces many problems during drilling operations and these problems are usually due to design errors in the drilling column in terms of weights and equipment or deficiencies in drilling fluid functions in terms of design and alignment with earth layers. Thus, the quality of the performance of the drilling fluid directly depends on its physical properties, and usually there are natural problems occur during the drilling process and the main cause for this is the interaction of drilling fluid with the components of these formations. Therefore, this reaction may be positive in terms of the formation of a good mud cake to prevent fluid loss and preservation on well walls, or a negative reaction in terms of loss of drilling fluid inside the stratum and thus cause the collapse of the formation . Carboxylmethyle cellulose CMC plays an important part in terms of forming a mud cake with good specifications and minimizing the loss of drilling fluid, thus harming the well walls from collapse and helping to stabilize it. In this research many experiments were conducted inside to find alternative natural materials for CMC with the same quality specifications and lowest costs. Different samples were used of nano-aluminum as well as coal ash were used with primalose (mixture) and the results were positive and useful.Item Effect of Partially Replacement or Partially Replaced Sand with Iron oxide P articles on Compression Strength of Concrete(Sebha University, 2019) AL-DAAWI, MUSTAFA AHMEDConcrete is a heterogeneous material obtained by mixing cement paste (binder) with aggregates (filler), The later constitutes more than 80% of the concrete. Concrete is a macro-material strongly influenced by addition nano-properties such as iron oxide. One of the most important properties of hardened concrete is its compressive strength, which can be quantitatively measured. We have studied effects of different concentrations of hematite (5 to 25 gram weight) at 5 gram intervals) on compression strength of concrete. This work aims to evaluate the use of iron oxide (Hematite) in Portland cement concrete, as a replacement for local sand. Cement mortars with mix proportioning 1:3 were prepared. The water/cement ratio used was about 0.52 for all mix proportions. The compressive strength was measured after 14 days of completion of curing time. Results showed that the compressive strength of the concrete using iron oxide nanoparticles were not equivalent to that of the conventional concrete. Maximum decreasing in compressive strength was about 40%. According to the results of compression strength for conventional and incorporated specimen, the addition of iron oxide to concrete will decreases the compressive strength of concrete due to formation of porosity.Item Evaluation Filtration Properties of Water Based Drilling Fluid By using Nanoparticles "Magnesium aluminates Spinel" and "Barley Husk Ash"(Sebha University, 2019) Mahdi Mohammed Mahdi , Jaber Bashir Ali , Somaya Abdusalam Ehjaz Samar Hamed EbrahimIn this project , the problem of loss of drilling fluid was studied , and the waterbased drilling fluid test was also conducted to improve in filtration properties by using nanoparticles " magnesium aluminates spinel " and " barley husk ash" and evaluate the results obtained and compare them with previous study that has improved in filtration properties of water based drilling fluid by using nanocarboxymethyl cellulose , it is among recent studies that have been successful and have been applied. In addition, barley husk ash and magnesium aluminates spinel was chemically prepared by Sol-Gel , and conducting analysis ( FT-IR , XRD ) for magnesium aluminates spinel of reactants (Aluminum hydroxide , Magnesium Chloride hexa hydrate ) , and to compare them with the standard analysis of these materials to be sure of purity and storage method , and has also been conducting these analysis of the production materials to ensure the composition of the material and function groups by analysis ( FT-IR ) and crystalline structure by analysis ( XRD ) , and engineering calculations (Crystalline size , length of the cube side , density of through XRD , surface area of through XRD) , the filtration properties of the drilling fluid were then tested by filter press equipment , additional tests were conduced for other properties of the drilling fluid , including ( density , viscosity , gel strength , pH , yield point ) , the results obtained were evaluated and compared with result when using nanocarboxymethyl cellulose .Item Ion Lithium battery(Sebha University, 2019) Khalid AbuaqilahMasoud, Amina Ahmed Saeed, RowidaAyoubAbdelkaderBatteries are a major technological challenge in this new century as they are a vital method to make use of energy efficiently. Nowadays Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) appeared to be one of the most crucial energy storage technologies. Today’s Li-ion technology has conquered the portable electronic markets and still on the track of fast development. The success of lithium-ion technology will depend mainly on the cost, safety, cycle life, energy, and power, which are in turn determined by the component materials used for its fabrication. Accordingly, this review focuses on the challenges of organic based materials and prospects associated with the electrode materials. Specifically, the issues related to organic based batteries, advances and opportunities are presented. This review aims to summarize the fundamentals of the polymer-based material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and specifically highlight its recent significant advancement in material design, challenges, performance and finally its prospects. We anticipate that this Review will inspire further improvement in organic electrolyte materials and the electrode for the battery as energy device storages. Some of these concepts, relying on new ways to prepare electrode materials by the use of eco-efficient processes, on the use of organic rather than inorganic materials to overcome environmental issues associated with their use. Organic electrodes are essential for solid electrode batteries because they can make device cost-effective, allow flexibility, and can also enable the use of multivalent ions without the problems typically associated with inorganic compounds.Item The affect of welding on corrosion rate of low carbon steel(Sebha University, 2016) Afaf Salah Al Zway, Bahri Mohammed Bahri, Ahmad Al Mahdi Belhaj Eatidal Al Arabi SalhThe aim of this work is to study The effected of welding on corrosion rate of low carbon steel in Sabha water. Some of the specimens welded by V joint and the other left without welding. The tests carried out on all the specimens are corrosion test. The corrosion media used in this study was Sabha water. The anti-corrosion paint that was used is undiluted al waha paint (from local market), according to the paint results, it was found that the drying time for Al waha paint should be more than 24 hours when used without dilution. According to the visual observations, it was seen that the color of the all exposed areas to the environment was changed to the dark red orange color. Also from the obtained results, it was found that the average corrosion rates for the unpainted heat affected zone areas (HAZ) are less than that for unpainted welded metal areas (fusion region) and unpainted base metal areas for welded specimens, this is because the structure of the HAZ is changed to the carbide (cementite) which is hard and tend to be has more corrosion resistance than the others. Morever, The average corrosion rate for non-welded specimen is less than that for unpainted base metal for welded specimens. Pitting corrosion and Galvanic corrosion were seen on the painted specimens, while, the type of corrosion of the nonwelded specimens was uniform corrosion.Item Separation Of Crude Oil and Its Derivatives Spilled in seawater By Using Spinal Oxide (Environmental Aspects)(Sebha University, 2018) Zanies M. Saleh Shlomy, Musa M. AL Sharif Abo-adbba, Mohammed Ahmed SalemThe purpose of this project is to provide an overview of how oil spills can impact marine ecological resources and functions, and how those resources can and functions recover by knowing the methods of treatment and removal of oil spilled in seawater , Also, the study describe the impacts of oil spills on marine life and associated wildlife, describes some of the more common impacts of oil spills on life forms associated with different ecosystems, and includes references to relevant case studies. This project includes a section, entitled "Definition of oil and its main components", and describes the properties of mineral oil and their main components, with the structure of chemical compounds in crude oil, The section entitled “Nanoparticles Use Strategy" and potential impact considers current good practice in spill response and how it is designed to minimize environmental damage (i.e. maximize the net environmental benefit of response techniques), Finally, the section entitled “Strategy for the use of nanoparticles iron oxide " examines the potential impact of the nanoparticle in current good practice in spill response and how it is designed to reduce environmental damage. Three samples of sea water were used from different Libyan regions (Gemens Seawater, Abo Sitta Port, Elbrega Anchorage), and Two samples of crude oil were used from different Libyan fields (Light, Medium). In this study, spinel oxide from cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with formula CoFe2O4 (CFO) was prepared by sol-gel method. Then obtain spinel oxide (CFO) after burning the ash components used to prepare it in air at a 600oC for two hours. Functional groups were also identified on the surface of the oxide using the infrared spectrum (FTIR). In addition, crude oil and its derivatives were diagnosed using FTIR, and the density and viscosity of crude oil and its derivatives at 15oC temperature. The possibility of using Spinal Oxide (CFO) as a absorbent material to remove crude oil and its derivatives from aqueous solutions was also studied, and used three consentration (0.01gm, 0.03gm, 0.05gm).Item Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by using Carbimazole/Zn+2 system in NaCl medium(Sebha University, 2018) Alfitury salh alfitury, Ali Jumaa Ali Almabrouk,Seraj Mohammed Omar BurkanCorrosion is defined as the degradation of metallic materials under the effect of the environment. This is a surface reaction that propagates in progressive ways affecting the integrity of the material. Under the aggressive environment, corrosion leads to the formation of corrosion products, and to a progressive generalized or localized loss of matter. The use of inhibitor material is considered as a one way to protect the metal surface against corrosion. The inhibitor is chemically adsorbed on the surface of the metal and forms a protective thin film with inhibitor effect or by combination between inhibitor ions and metallic surface. Or, the inhibitor leads a formation of a film by oxide protection of the base metal. The current work was evaluated the corrosion inhabitation of carbon steel in NaCl solution by carbimazole\Zn system. the ability of carbimazole as a good corrosion inhibitor is enhanced slightly in presence of Zn+2 when the concentration of carbimazole increased and this may be attributed to the protective film formed on the metal surface was withstand the continuous attack of corrosive ions. Also, the formation of complex Fe-carbimazole/Zn+2 linkages on the anodic sites of the metal surface during the immersion time may play a role in the improvement in adsorption of inhibiter system via coverage more area of the metal surface which reduced the exposure of anode sites to the corrosive media. By using Langmuir isotherm model to identify the inhibitor mechanism performance, the values of linear correlation coefficient were found close to unity (1) suggested that the adsorption of the studied inhibitors follows Langmuir isotherm model. Generally, values of ∆𝐺°ads up to -9.7 KJ/mol are attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the inhibitor molecules and the metal surface (physical adsorption), whilst those at -10.6 KJ/mol or a little more negative are consistent with chemical bonding of the inhibitor to the sample (Chemisorptions).Item Investigating Local Alternative Materials by Using Commercial Water Loss Additives(Sebha University, 2018)The control of filtration during drilling operation is necessary so that the mud filtrate invasion to formations near the well bore is minimized. The filtration process of drilling fluids is controlled by adding water loss additives such as CMC or Starch polymers to the mud depending on the type of the mud. The cost of CMC or Starch material makes the necessity to search for locally alternative material to be used instead of these commercial water loss additives. The objective of this study is to investigate the possibility of using Corchorus Olitorius, and other materials which is locally produced in variable Libya, as an alternative water loss additive for controlling the filtration process of water base muds. An experimental investigation was conducted in the laboratory to study the possibility of using this new material by adding different weights of materials to water base mud and comparing the mud filtration results with adding the same quantities of CMC to the same water base mud.d The concentrations of CMC as well as the Corchorus Olitorius and other material added to the original mud in are 2 g/L, 3 g/L and 5 g/L. the effect of each concentration on the filtration performance of the mud was investigated at different temperature used which are 70, 100 and 150 F. The experimental results indicated that the increased temperature has attributed to degradation of CMC molecules by the effect of heat added to the mud which is generated at high temperatures. It is recommended that in order to overcome the problem of the deficiency of CMC at elevated temperatures, highest quantities of CMC concentrations should be added to the mud. It was observed that the Corchorus Olitorius and other material gave lower API filtration volume compared those with original mud without additives but the API water loss volume of the Corchorus Olitorius and other material additives was higher than the re sales obtained with CMC additives.Item Enhanced Oil Recovery By Using Nanoparticles(Sebha University, 2018) Abdelkareem Saleh Ali Eschweido, Moataz Abdullah Bashir Yusef Hamed Abdulqadir Al. mahdi BurkanThere are three types of oil production energy operations, primary recovery, secondary recovery and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). EOR consider as the last stage for production operations. Where the EOR classify into many types such as gas injection, thermal injection, microbial EOR and chemical flooding. There are many types of chemical flooding such as polymer, surfactant, alkaline and nanoparticles EOR such as Iron Oxide (Fe2O3), Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) and Magnesium Oxide (MgO) etc. In this study used Nanoparticles EOR Aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Nanoparticles EOR Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) used a spontaneous imbibition test for sandstone core samples after saturated of crude oil. A spontaneous imbibition test consisting of two scenarios of nanoparticle solution (Al2O3) with change temperature and compared with one scenario of distilled water. The spontaneous imbibition test was performed in this study at room temperature to oven temperature (30Co, 40Co, 50Co, 60Co, 70Co). The results shown that the process of improving the oil increases with the increase of the concentration of nanoparticle (Al2O3) and increase the temperature where the rate of oil recovery mixture with nanoparticles (Al2O3) at the concentration of 1% of nanotechnology is 76.04%.Item Petrophysical Evaluation of the Beda Formation Using Well Logging Analysis (Concession-72-Western Sirt Basin, Libya)(Sebha University, 2018) Adam Abdulaziz Abdulrehem, Emhemmad Ali Bakary , Hamed Hassan TaherOne key for meeting future energy requirements is to produce field more efficiently. To achieve this, information must first be properly interpreted and studied in order to carry out reasonable estimates of hydrocarbons in place. The study of the use of petrophysics to analyze wireline log and core data is a good way to evaluate any tank in terms of rock properties and fluid distribution. The study mainly identified reservoir properties such as lithology, shale volume, porosity (Ø), permeability (K), fluid saturation and net pay thickness, The petrophysical analysis of three exploratory wells in the Barrut I field in concession 72 (F4-NC-72, F5-NC-72 and F6-NC-72). The results reveled Beda reservoir content average porosity in wells (negligible 4.4% in well F-5, good 12% in well F-4 and poor 7.2% in well F-6), fair permeability average in wells (0.0086MD in well F-5, 1.21MD in well F-4 and 0.13MD in well F-6), average water saturation in wells reached F4 and F6 to 50%, and increasing toward north in F5 reached 65% which located at the edge of oil water contact, volume of shale reached 32% and net pay thickness of the lower Beda reached 111 feet. The heterogeneities is big impact in carbonate reservoir quality, although this study used only three wells with short distances between the wells but clear lateral variation encountered as in well F4 and F5, heterogeneities can enhance physical properties such as permeability as it was in F5 and F4 (0.0086 and 1.12 md) and the porosity from 4.4 to 12%.Item Improving The Fluid Loss Property of Sea Water to Be Used as Water Based Mud With Addition of Permaloss(Sebha University, 2018) Abdulsalam musbah Abdulsalam, Osama mohammed almaridh , Ali hamed mohammedMoreover, the viscosity , filtration & thickness of Mud cake reading in sea water base mud were better after adding different amounts of Permaloss and it becomes much better after adding 5 grams of the mention additive as it will decrease down in case of using 7 grams of it . Water base mud is one of the most common drilling fluids that are currently in use widespread on oil rigs based on platforms across the oceans and that refer to its characteristics in terms of high pressure and high temperature wells. They were configure to meet certain specifications under inexpensive economic conditions as these costs are usually comes from additives, methods of purification for some materials and transportation for these materials to platforms across the oceans. The objective of this thesis was to form a water base mud to be used on drilling rigs based on offshore platforms by using sea water after improving its fluid loss property with addition of (Permaloss). Good results were obtained from this thesis shows the possibility of using sea water as watery base mud . However, the Density & PH parameter reading in sea water base mud were much better and effectible with comparison of fresh water mud especially after adding the same amount of bentonite.Item Investigating Local Alternative Materials by Using Commercial Water Loss Additives(2019-01-01) محمد, وصالItem The Effect Of Adding Silica Gel Particles On The Mechanical Properties Of Portland Cement(2019-02-28) الشريف, اغماري; ابراهيم, ابوبكر; عزاقة, احمدThe modern concrete nowadays are subjected to many additions, some are natural, and other are chemicals. The concrete without additions became a classic concrete and often it does not fulfill the required purposes, such as durability, permanence and some other mechanical proprieties when it is on hard status. Several attempts have been used, trying the additions with the concrete mix. Any addition has to be examined practically and scientifically to know how much effective these additives on the concrete mix. This research examines the effect of adding Silica gel particles with different percentage (1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% ) on thefailure stress of the concrete. Two types of reinforcements were studied.The first new mix uses sand with silica particles that were added to cement. The new first mix had negative effects on the mechanical properties on its hardened status according to design a concrete mix method. The concrete specimens failed at lower stresses as compared to the unreinforced specimens. This can be explained by the fact that adding silica gel particles with sand to the cement did not allow for the complete onto the hydration process, which is necessary for the cement hardening steps. However, very different effects were observed on the new second concrete mix, where the mechanical properties were improved. Itwas found that adding silica gel particles (without sand) to the cement has a positive effects on the mechanical properties of cement. The cement specimens that were reinforced with (silica) failed at higher stresses as compared to the unreinforced specimens with average value of 10.2 MPa. The maximum failure stress of the new concrete has increased to reach 18, 18 and 17.5 MPa when 2, 4 and 6 % silica particles were added respectively. This means that the hydration process was complete and had not been affected by the addition of silica particles. This was the case for the addition of up to 8 % silica particles to the cement. This led to higher hardening rate and higher strength concrete.Item Groundwater Corrosivity and Scale Formation Tendency in the North-East Area of Sebha City (South of Libya)(Sebha University, 2018-01-01) Jomana Brkawy Mortoda, Duaa Hasan AlgholThe aim of this study is to evaluate the ground well water corrosivity and/or tendency toward scale formation using physiochemical analysis data for water samples from selected groundwater wells in north-east Sabha area ( South of Libya ). The result of physiochemical properties , especially pH , conductivity , CO2 , hardness and alkalinity revealed that the water could be corrosive. The study of the groundwater by application of Langelier, Ryznar, Aggressiveness and Larson ( ratio between halides and sulphates to the alkalinity ) indexes revealed also that the water is corrosive and has low tendency for scale formation .Item Laboratory Investigations of the Phase Microemulsions System between Oil and Surfactant(2018-08-15) الكور,فجر