مجلة العلوم التطبيقية

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A COMPARISON BETWEEN GLOBAL AND ADAPTIVE BANDWIDTHS USING (DPI) AND (RSC) SELECTION METHODS
(Sebha University, 2013) A.M.Mami, A.K.Abdlkder
Non-parametric regression is type of regression analysis in which functional form of the relationship response variable and the associated predictor variable dose not to be specified in order to fit a model to a set of data. There are many different methods for non-parametric regression. We have used the local polynomial kernel estimator with the optimal choice of the smoothing parameter(s).Choosing the optimal smoothing parameter(s), which is usually called the bandwidth(s), is considered to be one the most important issue when using the kernel-based estimator. Also, the optimal bandwidth(s) played crucial role to uncover the structure of the underlying data. In this paper, we use simulation approach to make comparisons between two different strategies for selecting the optimal bandwidth(s), namely the Direct plug-In (DPI) selection method and the Residual Square Criterion (RSC) method. Within the context of these two strategies of selecting the optimal bandwidth(s), there are two different settings of choosing the smoothing parameter: global (single bandwidth) or adaptive (variable bandwidths). Moreover, four different example-regression models have been used in order to smooth the mean regression functions. Several statistical properties have been investigated in the simulation study. Such study must be restrictive because of the many possibilities to be consider, we decide to consider the following three elements: The size of sample (n). Distribution of the error's (normal, exponential). The kind of Design (fixed and random).
Adsorption of Ca (II) & Mg (II) ions from Aqueous Solutions by Surface Modified Silica gel
(Sebha University, 2013) Asmaa S.H. Ali, Mohamed M. Elhmmali, Mahmoud M. Kamel
The unmodified silica gel (for chromatography) and modified silica gel by poly acrylamide (PAAM) at optimum conditions were used to remove calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) ions from aqueous solutions by the use of batch experiments at pH 10. The unmodified silica gel exhibited low percentage values about 15% and 17% for Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions removal, respectively comparing with that for modified silica gel 21.68% and 56.3% removal for Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions, respectively.
Air conditioners as a source of bacterial contamination in an indoor environment
(Sebha University, 2015) Khalfallah, Hind M
The objectives of this study were to assess the bacterial content of air conditioning and indoor air of some hospitals in the south of Libya. This study was conducted in a 2nd of March hospital and Brack general hospital in southern Libya. Samples were collected from indoor air, and from filters, cooling coils, and water drainage basins of air conditioning units in those hospitals. Bacterial colonies were counted and identified characteristics of the bacteria on blood agar and Mc conkey agar, also identified bacterial species. Bacterial numbers in the samples taken from 2nd March hospital formed 56.57% of the total indoor air samples, 79.9% of the total filters samples, 72.07% of the total coils samples, and 54.63% of the total water samples. The bacterial numbers in samples taken from a Brack general hospital contained 43.43% of the total indoor air samples, 20.1% of the total filter samples, 27.93% of the total coils samples, and 45.37% of the total water samples. The bacterial species identified included some species of pathogenic bacteria as S.aureus, which existed in the various samples, K.pneumonae, Bacillus and Pseudomonas, those species involved in nosocomial infections. Conclusion: The occurrence of high bacterial numbers on parts of air-conditioning followed by its spread to the internal environment which constitutes a health risk to people exposed to it especially if this environment is the hospitals where patients with various injuries.
Antibiotic Susceptibility and Concentration of Airborne Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) of Different Hospitals in Northern Jordan
(Sebha University, 2013) ZIAD ELNASSER, ISMAIL SAADOUN, IBRAHIM ALI AL TAYYAR
Coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) constitute an increasing nosocomial problem especially in hospitals due to intrinsic and acquired resistance to antimicrobials agent. Our objective is to evaluate the CoNS in the adult intensive care units (ICU) and nursery intensive care units (NICU) of Northern Jordan Hospital, to different antibiotics. 128 air samples of 100 liters volume/min were collected by a microbiological air sampler from the above units during the period June to December, 2005. Air samples were impacted on Trypticase soy agar (TSA), and then incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Each bacterial colony appeared on agar plates were sub-cultured on TSA or blood agar and incubated at 37 °C for 24-48 h, and then identified by standard methods. The average bacterial count in the ICU and NICU was 311.7 and 322 cfu/m3, respectively. CoNS were the most prevalent bacteria of all Gram positives in ICU (26.5%) and NICU (23.5%) with S. saprophyticus been the most isolated species (> 65%). CoNS were the most commonly isolated Gram positive cocci in ICU and showed remarkable resistance to Novobiocin (66.9 %), but high susceptibility (> 90%) to Ciprofloxacin.
Characterization and thermal analysis of raw clay for ceramic product design
(sebha University, 2016) Adil. E. Ahmed., Saleh. N Ahdiri., Elmugdad. A Ali Naji. M. khalil, Salih A. Salih
Clays (kaolins) are considered as one of the most important raw materials that could be considered as a suitable source for synthesis of both conventional and advanced ceramics. Nowadays, they are still used in the manufacture of ceramic products such as bricks, roofing tiles, porcelain, sanitary wares, wall tiles and floor tiles, and also are used in different industrial chemical processes. The present work focuses on the mineralogical analysis of clay material samples collected from deposits located in the south of Libya. The raw clay samples were investigated using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRF) as well as thermal analysis (DTA and TG). The results found that, the raw clay samples have different amounts of metal oxides percentage, and the character of the clays is typically kaolin mineral.
CHARACTERIZATION THE CATION EXCHANGERS BASED ON MICROCRYSTALLIN CELLULOSE AND ITS APPLICATION
(Sebha University, 2013) H. Y. ALFAGHI, H. A. Maauof , A. H . MOHAMED
Cation exchanger was prepared via reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with butane tetra carboxylic acid at elevated temperature. Factors affecting reaction were studied. These factors were acid concentration, reaction time and temperature. The cation exchanger sample were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and by estimating the carboxyl content expressed as meq.- COOH/100 g sample as well as estimation of solubility percent in distilled water. The soobtained cation exchanger sample were utilized for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption studies have been carried out to determine the effect of agitation time, pH, adsorbent concentration and adsorbate concentration on the adsorption capacity of Pb (II) ions. Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied in the adsorption studies. The study showed that the cation exchanger sample were effectively used in adsorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions. Kinetic parameters were also evaluated .The adsorption data follows second order kinetics and obeyed the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The promising results obtained in this paper encourage us to use modified this materials in waste water treatment as low cost adsorbent instead of high expensive activated carbon.
Characterization The High Dispersion Molybdenum Oxide On Silica Surface Using XRD Technique
(Sebha University, 2010) F.A Abudelrhman, Mohmed
The X-ray powder diffraction method is thus ideally suited for characterization and identification of polycrystalline phases. The main use of powder diffraction is to identify components in a sample by a search/match procedure. Silica (SiO2) supported molybena (MoO3) catalysts at loading varying between 3 and 6 wt% were prepared by impregnating support silica (SiO2) with an aqueous solution at different acidity levels (pH = 2, 4 and 6) of ammonium hepta molybdate. After stirring for 3 h, the excess water was slowly evaporated at 100°C. Moreover, the impregnated supports were further dried at 120°C for 24 h. The products thus obtained were calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in static atmosphere of air. X-ray powder diffractogram (XRD) for support (SiO2), supported (MoO3) and different loading levels (3, 4, 5 and 6 wt% MoO3/SiO2) catalysts at different PH`s were investigated. The results clearly revealed that the formation of highly dispersed MoO3 phase on the SiO2 surface at a loading levels of 3 wt%, at pH = 2, for 4 wt%, at pH = 4 and 5 wt%, at pH = 6. This indicts that, a weaker dispersion of MoO3 on SiO2 surface at low pH. Given that, at low pH = 2 the formation of MoO3 phase crystallites was observed at 2 wt%. Whereas, at high pH = 6 the form of MoO3 crystallites was observed at 6 wt%. These results can be reorganized on the basis of the different surface chemical properties of the oxide support and nature of oxide supported.
Classification of html files by using Bat algorithm
(Sebha University, 2013) Omar Alayat, Ali alarabi
From long time a lot of associates try to build database systems which could prove and performs many services. One of the project associated the information system is the classification of a data or the information. This data or information is presented in files that have different type like html. Our purpose to present a technique which may can classify these files dependent on their similarity and in a short time. The technique we going to use is a Bat algorithm. This algorithm is used in many applications like the problem of time table in the university. The files going to use can contains texts, images, photos. So experts always were we are looking for the best way to arrive or to find the exact information and to retrieve it’s quickly as possible. This information is distributed between different servers and with different languages, which give some difficulty to collect the similar pages together. To test the quality of this technique we propose two measures which are Rosrnbrock and De Jone's Functions [16]. So the only and easy way to arrive to this purpose is to do this work automatically. As example of the automatic systems we got many systems of knowledge which called hypertext, hypermedia and so on. These systems are used in different domains like the education. In this domain, many techniques to groups the pages web are used to support that way like statistics, mathematics models. From this work we hope built an automatic system by using bat technique.
Classification of html files by using Bees Colony algorithm
(Sebha University, 2013) Alarabi, Ali
From long time a lot of associates try to build database systems which could prove and performs many services. One of the project associated the information system is the classification of a data or the information. This data or information is presented in files that have different type like html. Our purpose when we chose one of these types to present a technique which may can classify these files dependent on their similarity and in a short time. The technique we going to use is a Bees Colony. The files going to use may contains texts, images, photos. So the experts always were looking for the best way to arrive or to find the exact information and to retrieve it’s quickly as possible. This information is distributed between different servers and with different languages, which give some difficulty to collect the similar pages together. So the only and easy way to arrive to this purpose is to do this work automatically. From this automatic way we got many systems of knowledge which called hypertext, hypermedia and so on, which are used in different domains like the education. Many techniques to groups the pages web are used like statistics, mathematics models. The files classified are represented by one binary matrix. After the application of this algorithm we couldn’t arrived to our purpose.
Compact Shorted Rectangular Microstrip Antennas
(Sebha University, 2014) Abulaweenat, M.M
A compact microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper in order to reduce the surface area of the normal rectangular microstrip patch .The reduction in size were made by meaning of shorting the normal rectangular patch at the middle of its length using shorting posts .A comparison between the normal and shorted patches antenna shows that the shorted microstrip patch has similar properties such that return loss, input impedance, bandwidth and radiation pattern as the normal microstrip patch antenna. The investigation made at resonance frequency 1.691GHz using an evaluation version of Sonnet 12.53 Software .
Corrosion behavior of mild steel immersed in different concentrations of NaCl solutions
(جامعة سبها, 2016)
The current study deals with the effects of various immersion times and different concentrations of NaCl solutions on corrosion behavior of mild steel. The kinetics of mild steel corrosion in NaCl media has been investigated by weight loss at room temperature. Generally, the weight loss of mild steel at room temperature ( ͂ 25◦C) has been found to be quite significant, indicating poor corrosion resistance. Based on the data results, the corrosion process in different NaCl environments, may attributed to the present of dissolved oxygen. Also, the presence of Cl- as an aggressive ions play an importance role in corrosion process. Chloride anions in the solution could help to remove the metal cations accumulated on the anode by forming soluble compounds, and this contributes to an accelerated anodic reaction and thus faster rusting of the metals. The corrosion rates of the samples were also calculated by using an average weight loss measurements. In corroding media, (NaCl solutions), corrosion of carbon steel depends on the amount of oxygen dissolved in the media and concentration of the media. The higher the concentration, the more film build up and the lesser the corrosion rate. While the smaller the concentration the higher the corrosion rate.
Detection of bacterial contamination in adult and infant powdered milk consumed in Khartoum State
(Sebha University, 2014) Alsadig Mohammed Abdalla & Amna Alsubki Khalid, Shereen Osman Mohammed
This study was carried out to evaluate the microbiological contamination of powdered milk, The prevalence of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, in a total of 60 samples of commercial dried milk products (adult powder milk and infant powdered milk 30 samples each) used by consumers in Khartoum state (Sudan), conventional culture method were used for isolation and identification. The total viable bacterial count of adults powdered milk ranged between 1-38 (CFU)/ml, and the total viable bacterial count for infants ranging from 0-28 (CFU)/ ml. The total number of different species of bacteria isolated from adult powdered milk samples was 45; Bacillus cereus isolates were 17 (37% ), Bacillus leichinformis were 11 (24% ), Bacillus mycoides were 3 (7%). Staphylococcus aureus 9 (20%), Listeria monocytogenes 5 (11%). The total number of different species of bacteria isolated from infant formula samples was 39; Bacillus cereus isolates were 12 (30%), Bacillus leichinformis 7 (18%), Bacillus mycoides 2 about (5%). Staphylococcus aureus 2 (5%), Listeria monocytogenes 3 (7.9%), Enterobacter sakazakii 9 (23%), Escherichia coli 4 (9%). In relation to antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from both infant formula and adult’s powdered milk. Staphylococcus aureus resistance against Amoxycillin and Tetracycline was between (45-60%), Erythromycin (30-40%), Ceftriaxone Ciprofloxacin (25-30%) and Cefixime was (20-35%). Bacillus species resistance against tetracycline was (30-50%) , against Amoxycillin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin was (20-30%) and Cefixime was (20-35%). Listeria monocytogenes resistance against tetracycline was (40%), Amoxycillin (25-30%), Ciprofloxacin (12-25%), Cefixime (20%), Ceftriaxone (15-20%), Erythromycin (10-20%). Enterobacter sakazaki resistance against Amoxycillin was (50%), tetracycline (40%), Ciprofloxacin, Cefixime, Ceftriaxone (15-20%). The lowest resistance of all isolates was seen against Amikacin and Meropenem (0-5%).
Determination of enthalpy and entropy of micellization for Brij-35 and the Effect of salts on critical micellar concentration
(Sebha University, 2013) MOUSA, SALEM MANSOUR
In this study the thermodynamic parameters of micelle formation for Brij-35 (the nonionic polyoxyethylene ether surfactants Brij 35 (C12E23 i.e. CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)23OH) will be determined from kinetics data. The reaction used is the reduction of m-chloroperbenzoic acid by iodide. The initial concentrations of peracid and iodide were 4 x 10-6 M and 1.5 x 10-3 M respectively. Reactions were carried out in 0.003 M nitric acid and in presence of sodium sulphate and sodium perchlorate. .The results show that, the Hydrophilic ―salting out‖ sulphate ions increase the rate constant of the reaction in the micelle and reduce the critical micellar concentration (CMC); whereas hydrophobic ―salting in‖ ions perchlorate decrease the rate constant and have much less effect on the CMC. In all different conditions investigated the temperature seems to increase the rate and decrease the critical micelle concentrations.
Effect of fenugreek seeds and cinnamon bark aqueous extracts on liver and kidney functions in male diabetic rats
(Sebha University, 2015) Masoued, Al-Hammali,R.M. Laji,N.MA. D
Trigonella foenum-graecum (Fenugreek) seeds and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (Cinnamon) bark have long been utilized for culinary purposes prior to being recognized as a hypoglycemic agents. Here we tested the hypothesis that administration of fenugreek seeds and cinnamon bark modulates the adverse effects of diabetes on blood glucose, liver enzymes and kidney functions of diabetes induced by alloxan in male rats by using their aqueous extracts. Induction of diabetes significantly increased the blood glucose associated with a significant depression in the activity of liver enzymes and kidney functions. The animals is divided into 6 groups each contains 6 rats: normal group, diabetic group, two diabetic groups treated separately with low dose and high dose of aqueous fenugreek extract and two diabetic groups treated separately with low dose and high dose of aqueous cinnamon extract. Compared with untreated diabetic group, there were a significant decrease in F.B.G., ALT, AST, ALP, Urea and Creatinine levels in treated diabetic rats after administration with extracts and that effects were depend on doses, and also cinnamon had better effects than fenugreek.
Effects of surface conditions on the adhesive strength of the novel composite epoxy/sol-gel material
(Sebha University, 2015) R. Akid, M. May, H. M. Wang
This paper reported an extensive study on the composite epoxy/sol-gel adhesive bonding of mild steels and the influences caused by the level of the surface roughness of the bonded substrates. Inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) were added as the reinforcement phase to a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-based epoxy resin that was modified by a hybrid sol-gel method. The mechanical performance was characterised by the shear test in order to evaluate the adhesive strength performance of the composite epoxy/sol-gel material on the surface of mild steel under different degrees of the surface roughness. The experimental results indicated that there is a decrease in the adhesive strength with the decreasing surface roughness. The surface of mild steels treated by the P120 abrasive paper (AP) revealed the highest average shear strength value of ~ 18±0.9 MPa amongst the examined samples. On contrast, abrading the substrate surface with the P600 AP gave the lowest average shear strength value of 10.5±0.7 MPa. The increase in the joint strength of the steel surface treated by the P120 AP compared with those of the P240, P400 and P600 AP treated samples is attributed to the availability of the extra interfacial bond area. The adhesive penetrated the pores, hardened, and then acted as the micro interlocking forces, leading to the increase in the real interfacial shear strength. In addition, the decrease in the value of the adhesive strength is due to a reduction of the mechanical interlocking. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the specimens treated by the P120 AP have greater mechanical interlocking than that of the specimens treated by the P240 AP. Infinite Focus Microscope (IFM) results confirmed that a smoother surface gave a lower roughness profile, and thus decreased the interlock process.
EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES OF COMPLEXES WITH METAL IONS AND POTENTIOMETRIC AND CONDUCTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF NALIDIXIC ACID IN TABLETS
(Sebha University, 2015) Issa. M. Elmabrouk, Othman. A. Fargaly, Mussa. M. Khouda
Ten metal ions viz, Fe(III), Cr(III), La(II), Sn(II), Co(II), Ba(II), Pd(II), Ti(II), Sr(II) and Zr(II), were selected to elucidate the interaction of these metal ions with nalidixic acid(NAL) using potentiometric and conductometric methods. The ionization constant of the ligand and stability constants of the complexes formed have been tabulated at 25±1.0Cº and 0.01 M ionic strength of NaCl in 25 %( v/v) aqueousethanol solution. Complexes of 1:1, 1:2 and/or 1:3 metals to ligand ratios are formed depending on the nature of the ligand or metal ions. As well as, the stoichiometry of complexes confirmed by conductometric method. Also simple, precise, rapid and low-cost potentiometric and conductometric methods for nalidixic acid determination in pure form and tablets are proposed. Nalidixic acid present in tablets containing known quantity of drug were potentiometrically titrated by 0.1M of NaOH using a combined glass pH electrode. The detection limit was 2.20 mg /25ml. The calibration graph is linear in the range of 0.23– 2.55 mg/25ml. The correlation coefficient of determination (r) comes out to be 0.9972. The standard deviation (SD) was 2.77. No interferences were observed in the presence of common components of the tablets. The percentage recoveries of nalidixic acid in tablet dosage formulations by potentiometric and conductometric methods were (95.8-98.68) %, with standard deviations (SD) were (within (0.18–0.4) (n=5
EVALUATION OF THE STATUS OF SERUM CHROMIUM IN DIA-BETIC PATIENTS FROM MURZUK AREA
(Sebha University, 2016) Alhady B. Saad, Mukhtar H. Hassan, Muhammed A. BasherAlmahdi M.
The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the possible effect of some factors such as age, gender, blood sugar level, and duration of disease on the serum chromium level in type I and typeII diabetic individuals from Murzuk area. In addition to chromium , serum levels of Fasting blood sugar (FBS) andglycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were evaluated in 46 type I diabetic subjects (group 1) ,48 type II diabetic subjects (group 2) and 43 healthy individuals (control group) of both genders aged between (30-81) years. Data indicated that both diabetic groups have significantly higher (p< 0.001) levels of FBS and HbA1c compared with the con-trol group. No significant difference (p> 0.05) was found in serum chromium levels between Diabetic patients compared with healthy individuals, nor was there between type I and typeII diabetic groups. The obtained data also indicate that age, gender, blood sugar level, and dura-tion of disease have no significant (p> 0.05) correlation with serum level of chromium in dia-betic patients.
Facile Synthesis of Thiazolidin-4-one Derivatives Incorporating Indole Moiety
(Sebha University, 2013) A. Altamamy, Hussein.
Condensation of ethyl 3-formyl-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (1) with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol gave ethyl 3-(thiosemicarbazidomethyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxylate (2). Treatment of 2 with chloroacetic acid afforded the thiazolidin-4-one derivative 3. Condensation of 3 with aromatic aldehydes gave the corresponding arylidene derivatives 4a-c. Cyclization of 4a-c with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium acetate yielded thiazolidino[4,5-c]isoxazoline derivatives 5a-c. The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using elemental and spectroscopic analysis.
.Growth, Yield and Yield components of Maize (Zea maize) as influ-enced by seeds soaking periods in some micronutrients solutions.
(Sebha University, 2015) S.Y. Ahmed, A. Zayed
This study was carried out during the summer season of 2010 at the Agricultural Research Station, Sebha, Libya to study effect of soaking seeds in four micronutrients solutions (Fe, Fe+Mn, Fe+Mn+Zn and Fe+Mn+Zn+Cu) and three soaking periods (3,6 and 9 hours ) as well as their interactions on growth and yield of maize crop. The main results showed that, all treatments of soaking seeds in micronutrients, soaking periods and their interactions significantly increased plant height, seed weight per plant and hectare comparing to control. Soaking seeds in micronutrients solutions (Fe, Fe+Mn, Fe+Mn+Zn and Fe+Mn+Zn+Cu) increased the mean values of plant height by 10.62, 15.85, 15.06 and 10.38%, re-spectively as compared with soaking seeds in distilled water. Increasing soaking du-rations in micronutrients solutions (6 and 9h) increased plant height, the mean val-ues of plant height increased by 4.42 and 8.78%, respectively as compared with 3h soaking duration. The maize yield increased by 32.98, 40.84, 37.50 and 21.75 % as compared with the control treatment for Fe, Fe+Mn, Fe+Mn+Zn and Fe+Mn+Zn+Cu soaking treatments, respectively. While, the yield increased by 4.46 and 14.24 % as compared with 3 h soaking duration treatment for 6 and 9 hours soaking duration treatments, respec-tive The previous results led to conclude that, seeds yield of maize can be increased if seeds soaking in micronutrients solutions before seedling. Also, seeds yield of maize can be increased by increasing seeds soaking duration.
Host Range And Host (Un)Specificity Of Different Isolates Of Polymyxa betae
(Sebha University, 2010) Homa, Ihmed
Five soil samples were taken from sugar beet growing areas in France (3), England (1) and Czech Republic (1). Sugar beet, Chenopodium album, C. murale, C. ficifolium, Portulaca oleracea, and Amaranthus retroflexus as possible hosts of specific formae speciales were sown in these samples. After six weeks roots of baiting plants were checked for the presence of P. betae cystosori. If they were not found every two weeks other plants were checked. Roots containing cystosori were harvested and homogenized in water. The homogenates were used to inoculate the same plants host in sand cultures. Using this method we obtained P. betae isolates from sugar beet and C. murale from all soil samples and two isolates from C. album. Roots of plants were used for the enrichment of P. betae population in sand. Then all host species were sown in these sands and roots of plants were checked as described above. Sugar beet and C. murale were infected in all soils. C. ficifolium and C. album were infected in three soils; A. retroflexus in one soil and P. oleracea has never been infected. On the contrary, after the enrichment of population of given isolate in sand all other hosts were always infected with two exceptional cases of A. retroflexus only. It means that there is almost no host specificity of different isolates. In different trials seeds of potential host species were sown into soil containing P. betae. The procedure was similar as described above. Some new host of P. betae were found.

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